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A maximal irredundant set is an irredundant set that cannot be expanded to another irredundant set by addition of any vertex in the graph. Note that a maximal irredundant set ...

The mean distance of a (connected) graph is the mean of the elements of its graph distance matrix. Closed forms for some classes of named graphs are given in the following ...

A function f:X->R is measurable if, for every real number a, the set {x in X:f(x)>a} is measurable. When X=R with Lebesgue measure, or more generally any Borel measure, then ...

Given an original triangle (thick line), find the medial triangle (outer thin line) and its incircle. Take the pedal triangle (inner thin line) of the medial triangle with ...

The direct sum of modules A and B is the module A direct sum B={a direct sum b|a in A,b in B}, (1) where all algebraic operations are defined componentwise. In particular, ...

The multiplicad is a simple example of an idea like the ruliad. It consists of a rulial multiway system based on the positive integers in which the rules simply multiply by ...

In simple algebra, multiplication is the process of calculating the result when a number a is taken b times. The result of a multiplication is called the product of a and b, ...

The Nørlund polynomial (note that the spelling Nörlund also appears in various publications) is a name given by Carlitz (1960) and Adelberg (1997) to the polynomial ...

An orthogonal transformation is a linear transformation T:V->V which preserves a symmetric inner product. In particular, an orthogonal transformation (technically, an ...

Overdamped simple harmonic motion is a special case of damped simple harmonic motion x^..+betax^.+omega_0^2x=0, (1) in which beta^2-4omega_0^2>0. (2) Therefore ...