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A bilinear form on a real vector space is a function b:V×V->R that satisfies the following axioms for any scalar alpha and any choice of vectors v,w,v_1,v_2,w_1, and w_2. 1. ...

Let (x_0x_1x_2...) be a sequence over a finite alphabet A (all the entries are elements of A). Define the block growth function B(n) of a sequence to be the number of ...

Let S be a collection of subsets of a set X, mu:S->[0,infty] a set function, and mu^* the outer measure induced by mu. The measure mu^_ that is the restriction of mu^* to the ...

The Cesàro means of a function f are the arithmetic means sigma_n=1/n(s_0+...+s_(n-1)), (1) n=1, 2, ..., where the addend s_k is the kth partial sum ...

The chi distribution with n degrees of freedom is the distribution followed by the square root of a chi-squared random variable. For n=1, the chi distribution is a ...

The circle method is a method employed by Hardy, Ramanujan, and Littlewood to solve many asymptotic problems in additive number theory, particularly in deriving an asymptotic ...

A set of orthogonal functions {phi_n(x)} is termed complete in the closed interval x in [a,b] if, for every piecewise continuous function f(x) in the interval, the minimum ...

Let E be a simply connected compact set in the complex plane. By the Riemann mapping theorem, there is a unique analytic function ...

The discrete uniform distribution is also known as the "equally likely outcomes" distribution. Letting a set S have N elements, each of them having the same probability, then ...

A global field is either a number field, a function field on an algebraic curve, or an extension of transcendence degree one over a finite field. From a modern point of view, ...