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For any two nonzero p-adic numbers a and b, the Hilbert symbol is defined as (a,b)={1 if z^2=ax^2+by^2 has a nonzero solution; -1 otherwise. (1) If the p-adic field is not ...

The bifurcation of a fixed point to a limit cycle (Tabor 1989).

An identity is a mathematical relationship equating one quantity to another (which may initially appear to be different).

An isoscelizer of an (interior) angle A in a triangle DeltaABC is a line through points I_(AB)I_(AC) where I_(AB) lies on AB and I_(AC) on AC such that DeltaAI_(AB)I_(AC) is ...

A law is a mathematical statement which always holds true. Whereas "laws" in physics are generally experimental observations backed up by theoretical underpinning, laws in ...

Generalizing from a straight line (i.e., first degree polynomial) to a kth degree polynomial y=a_0+a_1x+...+a_kx^k, (1) the residual is given by ...

Levenberg-Marquardt is a popular alternative to the Gauss-Newton method of finding the minimum of a function F(x) that is a sum of squares of nonlinear functions, ...

The direct sum of modules A and B is the module A direct sum B={a direct sum b|a in A,b in B}, (1) where all algebraic operations are defined componentwise. In particular, ...

An operator A:f^((n))(I)|->f(I) assigns to every function f in f^((n))(I) a function A(f) in f(I). It is therefore a mapping between two function spaces. If the range is on ...

The pair group of a group G is the group that acts on the 2-subsets of {1,...,p} whose permutations are induced by G. Pair groups can be calculated using PairGroup[g] in the ...