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A smooth structure on a topological manifold (also called a differentiable structure) is given by a smooth atlas of coordinate charts, i.e., the transition functions between ...

The wedge product is the product in an exterior algebra. If alpha and beta are differential k-forms of degrees p and q, respectively, then alpha ^ beta=(-1)^(pq)beta ^ alpha. ...

The word polyhedron has slightly different meanings in geometry and algebraic geometry. In geometry, a polyhedron is simply a three-dimensional solid which consists of a ...

The class of all regular sequences of particularly well-behaved functions equivalent to a given regular sequence. A distribution is sometimes also called a "generalized ...

The generalized minimal residual (GMRES) method (Saad and Schultz 1986) is an extension of the minimal residual method (MINRES), which is only applicable to symmetric ...

A curve and its polar reciprocal with regard to the fixed conic have the same Halphen transformation.

An operator L^~ is said to be linear if, for every pair of functions f and g and scalar t, L^~(f+g)=L^~f+L^~g and L^~(tf)=tL^~f.

An orthogonal projection of a cross onto a three-dimensional subspace. It is said to be normalized if the cross vectors are all of unit length.

Unit vectors which are orthogonal are said to be orthonormal.

Two vectors u and v are parallel if their cross product is zero, i.e., uxv=0.