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Differential entropy differs from normal or absolute entropy in that the random variable need not be discrete. Given a continuous random variable X with a probability density ...

The function frac(x) giving the fractional (noninteger) part of a real number x. The symbol {x} is sometimes used instead of frac(x) (Graham et al. 1994, p. 70; Havil 2003, ...

X subset= R^n is semianalytic if, for all x in R^n, there is an open neighborhood U of x such that X intersection U is a finite Boolean combination of sets {x^_ in ...

The McCarthy-91 function is the recursive function defined for positive integer n by M(n)={M(M(n+11)) for n<=100; n-10 for n>100. (1) It takes the value 91 for all n=1, 2, ...

The largest value of a set, function, etc. The maximum value of a set of elements A={a_i}_(i=1)^N is denoted maxA or max_(i)a_i, and is equal to the last element of a sorted ...

The term energy has an important physical meaning in physics and is an extremely useful concept. There are several forms energy defined in mathematics. In measure theory, let ...

An angle bracket is the combination of a bra and ket (bra+ket = bracket) which represents the inner product of two functions or vectors (or 1-forms), <f|g>=intf(x)g^|(x)dx in ...

The Bernoulli numbers B_n are a sequence of signed rational numbers that can be defined by the exponential generating function x/(e^x-1)=sum_(n=0)^infty(B_nx^n)/(n!). (1) ...

Define q=e^(2piitau) (cf. the usual nome), where tau is in the upper half-plane. Then the modular discriminant is defined by ...

A mathematical object (such as a set or function) is said to bounded if it possesses a bound, i.e., a value which all members of the set, functions, etc., are less than.