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An algorithm which finds the least nonnegative value of sqrt(a (mod p)) for given a and prime p.

The probability of getting a positive result for a given test which should produce a positive result.

Define T as the set of all points t with probabilities P(x) such that a>t=>P(a<=x<=a+da)<P_0 or a<t=>P(a<=x<=a+da)<P_0, where P_0 is a point probability (often, the ...

A totalistic cellular automaton is a cellular automata in which the rules depend only on the total (or equivalently, the average) of the values of the cells in a ...

Capable of taking on exactly one possible value.

"Analysis of Variance." A statistical test for heterogeneity of means by analysis of group variances. ANOVA is implemented as ANOVA[data] in the Wolfram Language package ...

The word argument is used in several differing contexts in mathematics. The most common usage refers to the argument of a function, but is also commonly used to refer to the ...

Let alpha(z),gamma(z):(a,b)->R^3 be curves such that |gamma|=1 and alpha·gamma=0, and suppose that alpha and gamma have holomorphic extensions alpha,gamma:(a,b)×(c,d)->C^3 ...

The third-order ordinary differential equation 2y^(''')+yy^('')=0. This equation arises in the theory of fluid boundary layers, and must be solved numerically (Rosenhead ...

The second part of Pollard rho factorization method concerns detection of the fact that a sequence has become periodic. Pollard's original suggestion was to use the idea ...