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The integral closure of a commutative unit ring R in an extension ring S is the set of all elements of S which are integral over R. It is a subring of S containing R.

Given a commutative unit ring R and an extension ring S, an element s of S is called integral over R if it is one of the roots of a monic polynomial with coefficients in R.

An extension ring R subset= S such that every element of S is integral over R.

The limit of a lower sum, when it exists, as the mesh size approaches 0.

The Poisson integral with n=0, J_0(z)=1/piint_0^picos(zcostheta)dtheta, where J_0(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind.

The limit of an upper sum, when it exists, as the mesh size approaches 0.

Let E_1(x) be the En-function with n=1, E_1(x) = int_1^infty(e^(-tx)dt)/t (1) = int_x^infty(e^(-u)du)/u. (2) Then define the exponential integral Ei(x) by E_1(x)=-Ei(-x), (3) ...

An integral of the form intf(z)dz, (1) i.e., without upper and lower limits, also called an antiderivative. The first fundamental theorem of calculus allows definite ...

Let sumu_k be a series with positive terms and let f(x) be the function that results when k is replaced by x in the formula for u_k. If f is decreasing and continuous for ...

Vardi's integral is the beautiful definite integral int_(pi/4)^(pi/2)lnlntanxdx = pi/2ln[sqrt(2pi)(Gamma(3/4))/(Gamma(1/4))] (1) = pi/4ln[(4pi^3)/(Gamma^4(1/4))] (2) = ...