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A function of one or more variables whose range is three-dimensional (or, in general, n-dimensional), as compared to a scalar function, whose range is one-dimensional. Vector ...

The following vector integrals are related to the curl theorem. If F=cxP(x,y,z), (1) then int_CdsxP=int_S(daxdel )xP. (2) If F=cF, (3) then int_CFds=int_Sdaxdel F. (4) The ...

Let theta be the angle between two vectors. If 0<theta<pi, the vectors are positively oriented. If pi<theta<2pi, the vectors are negatively oriented. Two vectors in the plane ...

A function A such that B=del xA. The most common use of a vector potential is the representation of a magnetic field. If a vector field has zero divergence, it may be ...

The span of subspace generated by vectors v_1 and v_2 in V is Span(v_1,v_2)={rv_1+sv_2:r,s in R}. A set of vectors m={v_1,...,v_n} can be tested to see if they span ...

A zero vector, denoted 0, is a vector of length 0, and thus has all components equal to zero. It is the additive identity of the additive group of vectors.

An n-dimensional vector, i.e., a vector (x_1, x_2, ..., x_n) with n components. In dimensions n greater than or equal to two, vectors are sometimes considered synonymous with ...

If T is a linear transformation of R^n, then the null space Null(T), also called the kernel Ker(T), is the set of all vectors X such that T(X)=0, i.e., Null(T)={X:T(X)=0}. ...

A bilinear basis is a basis, which satisfies the conditions (ax+by)·z=a(x·z)+b(y·z) z·(ax+by)=a(z·x)+b(z·y).

The notion of height is defined for proper ideals in a commutative Noetherian unit ring R. The height of a proper prime ideal P of R is the maximum of the lengths n of the ...