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n divides a^n-a for all integers a iff n is squarefree and (p-1)|(n-1) for all prime divisors p of n. Carmichael numbers satisfy this criterion.

The Krohn-Rhodes complexity, also called the group complexity or simply "the complexity," of a finite semigroup S is the smallest number of groups in a wreath product of ...

LCF notation is a concise and convenient notation devised by Joshua Lederberg (winner of the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine) for the representation of cubic ...

Whittaker and Watson (1990, pp. 539-540) write Lamé's differential equation for ellipsoidal harmonics of the first kind of the four types as ...

A lattice which is built up of layers of n-dimensional lattices in (n+1)-dimensional space. The vectors specifying how layers are stacked are called glue vectors. The order ...

A lattice embedding is a one-to-one lattice homomorphism.

The United States Department of Commerce recommends that the notation lbx be used to refer to the binary logarithm log_2x (Taylor 1995, p. 33). However, this practice is not ...

Let t(m) denote the set of the phi(m) numbers less than and relatively prime to m, where phi(n) is the totient function. Then if S_m=sum_(t(m))1/t, (1) then {S_m=0 (mod m^2) ...

Little-omega notation is the inverse of the Landau symbol o, i.e., f(n) in o(phi(n)) <==> phi(n) in omega(f(n)).

The log-series distribution, also sometimes called the logarithmic distribution (although this work reserves that term for a distinct distribution), is the distribution of ...