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The chromatic polynomial pi_G(z) of an undirected graph G, also denoted C(G;z) (Biggs 1973, p. 106) and P(G,x) (Godsil and Royle 2001, p. 358), is a polynomial which encodes ...

A circle is the set of points in a plane that are equidistant from a given point O. The distance r from the center is called the radius, and the point O is called the center. ...

Consider a unit circle and a radiant point located at (mu,0). There are four different regimes of caustics, illustrated above. For radiant point at mu=infty, the catacaustic ...

If r is the inradius of a circle inscribed in a right triangle with sides a and b and hypotenuse c, then r=1/2(a+b-c). (1) A Sangaku problem dated 1803 from the Gumma ...

A circular pattern obtained by superposing parallel equally spaced lines on a set of concentric circles of increasing radii, then coloring the regions in chessboard fashion. ...

The circular points at infinity, also called the isotropic points, are the pair of (complex) points on the line at infinity through which all circles pass. The circular ...

A triangle ABC formed by three circular arcs. By extending the arcs into complete circles, the points of intersection A^', B^', and C^' are obtained. This gives the three ...

The circum-medial triangle DeltaA^'B^'C^' is the circumcevian triangle of a reference triangle DeltaABC with respect to the triangle centroid G of DeltaABC (Kimberling 1998, ...

Given a triangle DeltaABC and a point P not a vertex of DeltaABC, define the A^'-vertex of the circumcevian triangle as the point other than A in which the line AP meets the ...

A circumellipse is a circumconic of a triangle that is an ellipse. There is an amazing formula for the area of a circumellipse. Let d_A be the length of the chord of the ...