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Given a real m×n matrix A, there are four associated vector subspaces which are known colloquially as its fundamental subspaces, namely the column spaces and the null spaces ...

A geometric series sum_(k)a_k is a series for which the ratio of each two consecutive terms a_(k+1)/a_k is a constant function of the summation index k. The more general case ...

There are no fewer than two closely related but somewhat different notions of gerbe in mathematics. For a fixed topological space X, a gerbe on X can refer to a stack of ...

"Vertex" is a synonym for a node of a graph, i.e., one of the points on which the graph is defined and which may be connected by graph edges. The terms "point," "junction," ...

Green's theorem is a vector identity which is equivalent to the curl theorem in the plane. Over a region D in the plane with boundary partialD, Green's theorem states ...

A Hamiltonian cycle, also called a Hamiltonian circuit, Hamilton cycle, or Hamilton circuit, is a graph cycle (i.e., closed loop) through a graph that visits each node ...

Consider an n×n (0, 1)-matrix such as [a_(11) a_(23) ; a_(22) a_(34); a_(21) a_(33) ; a_(32) a_(44); a_(31) a_(43) ; a_(42) a_(54); a_(41) a_(53) ; a_(52) a_(64)] (1) for ...

A map u:M->N, between two compact Riemannian manifolds, is a harmonic map if it is a critical point for the energy functional int_M|du|^2dmu_M. The norm of the differential ...

A natural extension of the Riemann p-differential equation given by (d^2w)/(dx^2)+(gamma/x+delta/(x-1)+epsilon/(x-a))(dw)/(dx)+(alphabetax-q)/(x(x-1)(x-a))w=0 where ...

The identity matrix is a the simplest nontrivial diagonal matrix, defined such that I(X)=X (1) for all vectors X. An identity matrix may be denoted 1, I, E (the latter being ...