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An 18-sided polygon, sometimes also called an octakaidecagon.

A multiple of 2. The word should really be something like "bicade" (by analogy with decade) but the "oct" embedded in the stem of the word derives historically to the fact ...

The reciprocity theorem for x^8=q (mod p).

A graph vertex in a graph is said to be an odd node if its vertex degree is odd.

A collection of open sets of a topological space whose union contains a given subset. For example, an open cover of the real line, with respect to the Euclidean topology, is ...

A topology defined on a totally ordered set X whose open sets are all the finite intersections of subsets of the form {x in X|x>a} or {x in X|x<a}, where a in X. The order ...

The number of "arrangements" in an ordering of n items is given by either a combination (order is ignored) or a permutation (order is significant). An ordering (or order) is ...

A surface which is homeomorphic to a finite collection of spheres, each with a finite number of handles, cross-handles, cross-caps, and perforations. A preliminary version of ...

A nonsingular linear map A:R^n->R^n is orientation-preserving if det(A)>0.

Orthogonal polynomials are classes of polynomials {p_n(x)} defined over a range [a,b] that obey an orthogonality relation int_a^bw(x)p_m(x)p_n(x)dx=delta_(mn)c_n, (1) where ...