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If f(x) is a nonconstant integer polynomial and c is an integer such that f(c) is divisible by the prime p, that p is called a prime divisor of the polynomial f(x) (Nagell ...

Many algorithms have been devised for determining the prime factors of a given number (a process called prime factorization). They vary quite a bit in sophistication and ...

The prime subfield of a field F is the subfield of F generated by the multiplicative identity 1_F of F. It is isomorphic to either Q (if the field characteristic is 0), or ...

Given algebraic numbers a_1, ..., a_n it is always possible to find a single algebraic number b such that each of a_1, ..., a_n can be expressed as a polynomial in b with ...

The directions in which the principal curvatures occur.

At each point on a given a two-dimensional surface, there are two "principal" radii of curvature. The larger is denoted R_1, and the smaller R_2. The "principal directions" ...

A data structure designed to allow repeated extraction of the smallest remaining key (Skiena 1990, p. 38).

If a line intersects one of two parallel lines, both of which are coplanar with the original line, then it must intersect the other also. This axiom is equivalent to the ...

Any geometric correlation which transforms one range into a projectively related pencil (or vice versa).

A proposition is a mathematical statement such as "3 is greater than 4," "an infinite set exists," or "7 is prime." An axiom is a proposition that is assumed to be true. With ...