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Primitive Element


A primitive element of a finite extension L/K is an element theta in L such that L=K(theta). If [L:K]=n, then 1, theta, ..., theta^(n-1) form a vector basis of L over K, and every element of L is a polynomial in theta of polynomial degree less than n with coefficients in K. The extension field degree n is the polynomial degree of the extension field minimal polynomial of theta over K.

The primitive element theorem states that every finite extension that is a separable extension has a primitive element (Milne 2022, pp. 61-62). In particular, for any algebraic numbers a_1, ..., a_n, there is a single algebraic number b such that Q(a_1,...,a_n)=Q(b). Each a_i can therefore be expressed as a polynomial in b with rational coefficients.

For example, a primitive element of Q(sqrt(2),sqrt(3))/Q is given by b=sqrt(2)+sqrt(3), with

sqrt(2)=1/2b(b^2-9)
(1)
sqrt(3)=1/2b(11-b^2).
(2)

Primitive elements were implemented in versions of the Wolfram Language prior to 6 as PrimitiveElement[z, {a1, ..., an}] (after loading the package NumberTheory`PrimitiveElement`).

In finite field terminology, a primitive element often means a generator of the multiplicative group of nonzero elements (Lidl and Niederreiter 1997). This is stronger than generating the extension field as a field. The Morgan-Mullen conjecture asks for a multiplicative generator that is also a completely normal element.


See also

Extension Field, Extension Field Degree, Extension Field Minimal Polynomial, Galois Group, Primitive Polynomial, Primitive Root, Separable Extension, Splitting Field

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References

Artin, E. Galoissche Theorie. Leipzig, Germany: Teubner, 1959.Lidl, R. and Niederreiter, H. Finite Fields, 2nd ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1997.Loos, R. "Computing in Algebraic Extensions." Computing, Suppl. 4, 173-187, 1982.Milne, J. S. Fields and Galois Theory, Version 5.10. Sep. 2022. https://www.jmilne.org/math/CourseNotes/FT.pdf.Trott, M. "Solution of Equations." §1.5 in The Mathematica GuideBook for Symbolics. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28815-5. https://www.mathematicaguidebooks.org/.

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Primitive Element

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Primitive Element." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/PrimitiveElement.html

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