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An orthogonal coordinate system is a system of curvilinear coordinates in which each family of surfaces intersects the others at right angles. Orthogonal coordinates ...

A palindromic number is a number (in some base b) that is the same when written forwards or backwards, i.e., of the form a_1a_2...a_2a_1. The first few palindromic numbers ...

A polygonal number is a type of figurate number that is a generalization of triangular, square, etc., to an n-gon for n an arbitrary positive integer. The above diagrams ...

Let G be a group, and let S subset= G be a set of group elements such that the identity element I not in S. The Cayley graph associated with (G,S) is then defined as the ...

There are two definitions of Bernoulli polynomials in use. The nth Bernoulli polynomial is denoted here by B_n(x) (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972), and the archaic form of the ...

The circumcenter is the center O of a triangle's circumcircle. It can be found as the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors. The trilinear coordinates of the ...

When the elliptic modulus k has a singular value, the complete elliptic integrals may be computed in analytic form in terms of gamma functions. Abel (quoted in Whittaker and ...

The most general form of "an" exponential function is a power-law function of the form f(x)=ab^(cx+d), (1) where a, c, and d are real numbers, b is a positive real number, ...

A special function mostly commonly denoted psi_n(z), psi^((n))(z), or F_n(z-1) which is given by the (n+1)st derivative of the logarithm of the gamma function Gamma(z) (or, ...

Let a spherical triangle be drawn on the surface of a sphere of radius R, centered at a point O=(0,0,0), with vertices A, B, and C. The vectors from the center of the sphere ...