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Let x and y be vectors. Then the triangle inequality is given by |x|-|y|<=|x+y|<=|x|+|y|. (1) Equivalently, for complex numbers z_1 and z_2, ...

A tripod is a tree having exactly three tree leaves (Pirnazar and Ullman 2002). The numbers of tripods on n=1, 2, ... vertices are 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, ...

A figurate number which is constructed as an octahedral number with a square pyramid removed from each of the six graph vertices, TO_n = O_(3n-2)-6P_(n-1)^((4)) (1) = ...

A figurate number constructed by taking the (3n-2)th tetrahedral number and removing the (n-1)th tetrahedral number from each of the four corners, Ttet_n = ...

A circuit in which an entire graph is traversed in one route. Examples of curves that can be traced unicursally are the Mohammed sign and unicursal hexagram. The numbers of ...

A unicyclic graph is a connected graph containing exactly one cycle (Harary 1994, p. 41). A connected unicyclic graph is therefore a pseudotree that is not a tree. ...

Given an n-dimensional vector x=[x_1; x_2; |; x_n], (1) a general vector norm |x|, sometimes written with a double bar as ||x||, is a nonnegative norm defined such that 1. ...

Let F_n be the nth Fibonacci number, and let (p|5) be a Legendre symbol so that e_p=(p/5)={1 for p=1,4 (mod 5); -1 for p=2,3 (mod 5). (1) A prime p is called a Wall-Sun-Sun ...

Let v be a n-vector whose entries are each 1 (with probability p) or 0 (with probability q=1-p). An s-run is an isolated group of s consecutive 1s. Ignoring the boundaries, ...

A diamond-shaped neighborhood that can be used to define a set of cells surrounding a given cell (x_0,y_0) that may affect the evolution of a two-dimensional cellular ...