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The eigenvector corresponding to the second smallest eigenvalue (i.e., the algebraic connectivity) of the Laplacian matrix of a graph G. The Fiedler vector is used in ...

A theorem due to Conway et al. (1997) which states that, if a positive definite quadratic form with integer matrix entries represents all natural numbers up to 15, then it ...

A finite group is a group having finite group order. Examples of finite groups are the modulo multiplication groups, point groups, cyclic groups, dihedral groups, symmetric ...

The first Zagreb index for a graph with vertex count n and vertex degrees d_i for i=1, ..., n is defined by Z_1=sum_(i=1)^nd_i^2. The notations Z_1 (e.g., Lin et al. 2023) ...

A formal power series, sometimes simply called a "formal series" (Wilf 1994), of a field F is an infinite sequence {a_0,a_1,a_2,...} over F. Equivalently, it is a function ...

Let (x_1,x_2) and (y_1,y_2) be two sets of complex numbers linearly independent over the rationals. Then the four exponential conjecture posits that at least one of ...

A fractional ideal is a generalization of an ideal in a ring R. Instead, a fractional ideal is contained in the number field F, but has the property that there is an element ...

A Fréchet space is a complete and metrizable space, sometimes also with the restriction that the space be locally convex. The topology of a Fréchet space is defined by a ...

The tabulation of raw data obtained by dividing it into classes of some size and computing the number of data elements (or their fraction out of the total) falling within ...

Let Omega be an open, bounded, and connected subset of R^d for some d and let dx denote d-dimensional Lebesgue measure on R^d. In functional analysis, the Friedrichs ...