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V_t=e^(-ytau)S_tN(d_1)-e^(-rtau)KN(d_2), where N is the cumulative normal distribution and d_1,d_2=(log((S_t)/K)+(r-y+/-1/2sigma^2)tau)/(sigmasqrt(tau)). If y=0, this is the ...

The function defined by y=ab^(q^x). It is used in actuarial science for specifying a simplified mortality law (Kenney and Keeping 1962, p. 241). Using s(x) as the probability ...

Let a Gram point g_n be called "good" if (-1)^nZ(g_n)>0, and "bad" otherwise (Rosser et al. 1969; Edwards 2001, p. 180). Then the interval between two consecutive good Gram ...

J_n(z) = 1/(2pi)int_(-pi)^pie^(izcost)e^(in(t-pi/2))dt (1) = (i^(-n))/piint_0^pie^(izcost)cos(nt)dt (2) = 1/piint_0^picos(zsint-nt)dt (3) for n=0, 1, 2, ..., where J_n(z) is ...

The Hopf invariant one theorem, sometimes also called Adams' theorem, is a deep theorem in homotopy theory which states that the only n-spheres which are H-spaces are S^0, ...

A generalization of the Fibonacci numbers defined by the four constants (p,q,r,s) and the definitions H_0=p and H_1=q together with the linear recurrence equation ...

Let X={x_1>=x_2>=...>=x_n|x_i in R} (1) and Y={y_1>=y_2>=...>=y_n|y_i in R}. (2) Then there exists an n×n Hermitian matrix with eigenvalues X and diagonal elements Y iff ...

A function f(x) increases on an interval I if f(b)>=f(a) for all b>a, where a,b in I. If f(b)>f(a) for all b>a, the function is said to be strictly increasing. Conversely, a ...

An n×n complex matrix A is called indefinite if nonzero vectors x and y exist such that x^*Ax>0>y^*Ay, where x^* denotes the conjugate transpose. A matrix m may be tested to ...

A particular solution to a differential equation corresponding to a specific value of the equation's free parameters. For example, the integral curves of the differential ...