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Infinity, most often denoted as infty, is an unbounded quantity that is greater than every real number. The symbol infty had been used as an alternative to M (1000) in Roman ...

The Pratt certificate is a primality certificate based on Fermat's little theorem converse. Prior to the work of Pratt (1975), the Lucas-Lehmer test had been regarded purely ...

A connective in logic known as the "exclusive or," or exclusive disjunction. It yields true if exactly one (but not both) of two conditions is true. The XOR operation does ...

If the cross ratio kappa of {AB,CD} satisfy kappa^2-kappa+1=0, (1) then the points are said to form a bivalent range, and {AB,CD}={AC,DB}={AD,BC}=kappa (2) ...

The problem of finding the number of different ways in which a product of n different ordered factors can be calculated by pairs (i.e., the number of binary bracketings of n ...

A quadrilateral in which a pair of opposite sides have the same length and are inclined at 60 degrees to each other (or equivalently, satisfy <A>+<B>=120 degrees). Some ...

The intersection of two sets A and B is the set of elements common to A and B. This is written A intersection B, and is pronounced "A intersection B" or "A cap B." The ...

If any set of points is displaced by X^idx_i where all distance relationships are unchanged (i.e., there is an isometry), then the vector field is called a Killing vector. ...

Let j, r, and s be distinct integers (mod n), and let W_i be the point of intersection of the side or diagonal V_iV_(i+j) of the n-gon P=[V_1,...,V_n] with the transversal ...

Let CD be the altitude of a triangle DeltaABC and let E be its midpoint. Then area(DeltaABC)=1/2AB·CD=AB·DE, and ABFG can be squared by rectangle squaring. The general ...