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The conjugate gradient method is not suitable for nonsymmetric systems because the residual vectors cannot be made orthogonal with short recurrences, as proved in Voevodin ...

The biconjugate gradient stabilized (BCGSTAB) method was developed to solve nonsymmetric linear systems while avoiding the often irregular convergence patterns of the ...

Consider the probability Q_1(n,d) that no two people out of a group of n will have matching birthdays out of d equally possible birthdays. Start with an arbitrary person's ...

Buffon's needle problem asks to find the probability that a needle of length l will land on a line, given a floor with equally spaced parallel lines a distance d apart. The ...

An nth-rank tensor in m-dimensional space is a mathematical object that has n indices and m^n components and obeys certain transformation rules. Each index of a tensor ranges ...

Series expansions of the parabolic cylinder functions U(a,x) and W(a,x). The formulas can be found in Abramowitz and Stegun (1972).

(theta_3(z,t)theta_4(z,t))/(theta_4(2z,2t))=(theta_3(0,t)theta_4(0,t))/(theta_4(0,2t))=(theta_2(z,t)theta_1(z,t))/(theta_1(2z,2t)), where theta_i are Jacobi theta functions. ...

The Mathieu functions are the solutions to the Mathieu differential equation (d^2V)/(dv^2)+[a-2qcos(2v)]V=0. (1) Even solutions are denoted C(a,q,v) and odd solutions by ...

A multidimensional polylogarithm is a generalization of the usual polylogarithm to L_(a_1,...,a_m)(z)=sum_(n_1>...>n_m>0)(z^(n_1))/(n_1^(a_1)...n_m^(a_m)) with positive ...

When |x|<1/2, (1-x)^(-a)_2F_1(a,b;c;-x/(1-x))=_2F_1(a,c-b;c;x).