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Infinity, most often denoted as infty, is an unbounded quantity that is greater than every real number. The symbol infty had been used as an alternative to M (1000) in Roman ...

The conjugate gradient method can be viewed as a special variant of the Lanczos method for positive definite symmetric systems. The minimal residual method (MINRES) and ...

A vertex coloring is an assignment of labels or colors to each vertex of a graph such that no edge connects two identically colored vertices. A vertex coloring that minimize ...

The Monty Hall problem is named for its similarity to the Let's Make a Deal television game show hosted by Monty Hall. The problem is stated as follows. Assume that a room is ...

Inspired by computer simulations of fossilized worms trails published by Raup and Seilacher (1969), computer scientist Mike Paterson at the University of Warwick and ...

A Proth number that is prime, i.e., a number of the form N=k·2^n+1 for odd k, n a positive integer, and 2^n>k. Factors of Fermat numbers are of this form as long as they ...

The resolution principle, due to Robinson (1965), is a method of theorem proving that proceeds by constructing refutation proofs, i.e., proofs by contradiction. This method ...

Rubik's Cube is a 3×3×3 cube in which the 26 subcubes on the outside are internally hinged in such a way that rotation (by a quarter turn in either direction or a half turn) ...

The score sequence of a tournament is a monotonic nondecreasing sequence of the outdegrees of the graph vertices of the corresponding tournament graph. Elements of a score ...

Set covering deployment (sometimes written "set-covering deployment" and abbreviated SCDP for "set covering deployment problem") seeks an optimal stationing of troops in a ...