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Zycle


A zycle is a cyclic hypergraph construction in which successive groups of vertices are joined by overlapping hyperedges (Piga and Schülke 2026). For an integer l>=2, the 3-uniform zycle Z_l has distinct vertices x_i,y_i, with indices read modulo l, and the two hyperedges {x_i,y_i,x_(i+1)} and {x_i,y_i,y_(i+1)} for each i.

For a 3-uniform hypergraph F, its ordinary Turán density pi(F) is the limit of ex(n,F)/(n; 3), where ex(n,F) is the maximum number of hyperedges in an n-vertex 3-uniform hypergraph containing no copy of F. This edge-density parameter differs from codegree Turán density. Wang (2026) proved

 pi(Z_l)=5/9

for every even integer l>=4 not divisible by 3. For all even l>=4, the upper bound pi(Z_l)<=5/9 holds. The equality theorem is accompanied by stability: a near-extremal zycle-free hypergraph is obtainable from the balanced cyclic three-part Turán construction by changing o(n^3) hyperedges, where o denotes little-O notation. The result does not settle lengths divisible by 6 or the tetrahedron case l=2.


See also

Codegree Turán Density, Hypergraph

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References

Piga, S. and Schülke, B. "Hypergraphs with Arbitrarily Small Codegree Turán Density." Bull. London Math. Soc. 58, e70348, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1112/blms.70348.Wang, S. "Exact Turán Densities of Even Zycles." 12 Nov 2026. https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.16654v1.

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Zycle." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Zycle.html

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