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Stamp Folding Problem


The stamp folding problem asks for the number of ways to fold a strip of stamps, with variants determined by which features of a folding are distinguished. Considering only positions of the hinges for unlabeled stamps without regard to orientation of the stamps, the number of foldings is denoted U(n). If the stamps are labeled and orientation is taken into account, the number of foldings is denoted N(n). Finally, the number of symmetric foldings is denoted S(n). The following table summarizes these values for the first n.

nS(n)U(n)N(n)
SloaneA001010A001011A000136
1111
2212
3226
44516
561450
6838144
718120462
8203531392
95611484536
1048352714060

For labeled stamp foldings, Sakai (2026) described a boundary-based decomposition in which the second stamp is fixed as a boundary. Under suitable conditions, the portions above and below this boundary can be treated independently, giving a product structure that explains the appearance of recurrence relations. The decomposition is structural rather than a closed counting formula, and it does not extend directly to variants with a fixed boundary or additional symmetries.


See also

Map Folding, Postage Stamp Problem

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References

Gardner, M. "The Combinatorics of Paper-Folding." In Wheels, Life, and Other Mathematical Amusements. New York: W. H. Freeman, pp. 60-73, 1983.Gardner, M. The Sixth Book of Mathematical Games from Scientific American. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 21 and 26-27, 1984.Koehler, J. E. "Folding a Strip of Stamps." J. Combin. Th. 5, 135-152, 1968.Lunnon, W. F. "A Map-Folding Problem." Math. Comput. 22, 193-199, 1968.Ruskey, F. "Information of Stamp Folding." https://web.archive.org/web/20120707041449/http://www.theory.csc.uvic.ca/~cos/inf/perm/StampFolding.html.Sakai, S. "Stamp Folding Patterns and a Boundary-Based Counting Approach." Fib. Quart., 1-15, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/00150517.2026.2711255.Sloane, N. J. A. A Handbook of Integer Sequences. Boston, MA: Academic Press, p. 22, 1973.Sloane, N. J. A. Sequences A000136/M1614, A001010/M0323, and A001011/M1455 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Stamp Folding Problem." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/StampFoldingProblem.html

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