A recovering pair is a pair of nonempty families of subsets
of the same finite set such that
implies
and
implies
for every
and
. Each member of either family can therefore be recovered
from its set difference with a member of the other
family.
For an -element
ground set, Costa (2026) proved
The sandglass conjecture predicts the stronger bound .
Costa (2026) states that ChatGPT generated initial versions of the retained proofs
and computational code under his research strategy, and that he independently verified
all retained claims.