The principle of transmissibility states that moving the point of application of a force along its line of action does not change its external effect on a rigid body.
The mathematical reason is that the force and its moment about any reference point
are unchanged. For a force applied at position
, a new point
gives
using the cross product. The restriction to external rigid-body behavior is essential: shifting a force can change internal stresses or deformations in a deformable body.