The ionization conjecture asks for bounds independent of nuclear charge on the excess electrons and outer-electron quantities of full Coulomb atoms. For integer 
and 
, define the energy to remove 
electrons by 
, where
is the spectral infimum of the two-spin Coulomb
Hamiltonian. For a normalized neutral ground state
with spin-summed one-particle density 
, define
 |
The parameter 
is expected exterior electron mass, not a change in the neutral state's particle
number.
