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Highly Irregular Graph


A highly irregular graph is a connected graph for which the vertices adjacent to each vertex have distinct vertex degrees. Highly irregular graphs exist on all orders except 3, 5, and 7, with the numbers of nonisomorphic highly irregular graphs on 1, 2, ... nodes given by 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 3, 13, 21, 110, 474, 2545, ... (OEIS A217246).

HighlyIrregularGraphs

Small examples are illustrated above with the vertex degree of each node labeled and summarized in the following table.

vertex counthighly irregular graphs
1singleton graph
2path graph P_2
4path graph P_4
6A graph
84-centipede graph
HighlyIrregularGraphs89

Larger examples on n=8 and 9 nodes are illustrated above, again with the vertex degree of each node labeled.

Highly irregular graphs are nonhamiltonian. Those with more than one vertex are bridged.

Every simple graph of graph order n>=2 is an induced subgraph of a highly irregular graph of graph order 4n-4 (Alavi et al. 1987, p. 238). In particular, the construction for the complete graph K_6 gives a highly irregular graph on 20 vertices that is not apex.

If v is a vertex with maximum vertex degree d in a highly irregular graph, then v is adjacent to exactly one vertex of degree 1, 2, ..., d (Alavi et al. 1987, p. 236).

The maximum vertex degree in a highly irregular graph on n vertices is at most |_n/2_|, where |_x_| is the floor function (Alavi et al. 1987, p. 236).

A graph Cartesian product P_(n_1) square ... square P_(n_d) of path graphs with n_i>=1 is highly irregular iff all but at most one factor are singleton graphs and any remaining path graph has graph order 2 or 4. Indeed, every highly irregular graph with an edge has a vertex of degree one by the maximum vertex degree property above. The minimum vertex degree of such a graph Cartesian product is the number of factors with graph order greater than one, so at most one factor can be nontrivial. The path graph P_3 has two neighbors of degree one at its middle vertex, while P_n for n>=5 has a vertex with two neighbors of degree two. The path graphs P_1, P_2, and P_4 satisfy the definition.


See also

Grid Graph, Irregular Graph, Path Graph, Regular Graph, Vertex Degree

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References

Alavi, Y.; Chartrand, G.; Chung, F. R. K.; Erdö s, P.; Graham, R. L.; and Oellermann, O. R. "Highly Irregular Graphs." J. Graph Th. 11, 235-249, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgt.3190110214.House of Graphs. Highly Irregular Graphs. Singleton Graph, K_2, The Path P_4, A Graph, Corona of P_4, and others.Sloane, N. J. A. Sequence A217246 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."

Referenced on Wolfram|Alpha

Highly Irregular Graph

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Highly Irregular Graph." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/HighlyIrregularGraph.html

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