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Eventual Stability


Eventual stability at alpha in K of a rational function phi in K(z) of degree at least two, where K is a field, means that the number of irreducible factors over K of f_n-alphag_n, counted with multiplicity, remains bounded as n->infty. Here phi^( degreesn)=f_n/g_n is the nth iterate written with coprime polynomials. For alpha=infty, the polynomial considered is g_n (Tucker and Zhu 2026).

Jones and Levy (2017) conjectured that every such pair over a number field is eventually stable when alpha is not periodic. This hypothesis does not require its forward orbit to be infinite. Tucker and Zhu (2026) give the counterexample K=Q, phi(z)=z^6, and alpha=-1:

 z^(6^n)+1=product_(j=0)^nPhi_(2^(n+1)3^j)(z),

where Phi_m is the cyclotomic polynomial. There are exactly n+1 distinct irreducible factors. The orbit -1|->1|->1 is not periodic at its starting point, although it is eventually periodic. Thus the example refutes the stated nonperiodic-point conjecture, not a version restricted to points with infinite forward orbit.


See also

Iterated Map, Rational Function

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References

Jones, R. and Levy, A. "Eventually Stable Rational Functions." Internat. J. Number Th. 13, 2299-2318, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793042117501263.Tucker, T. J. and Zhu, Z. "A Counterexample to the Eventual Stability Conjecture." 20 Oct 2026. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.28688.

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Eventual Stability." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/EventualStability.html

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