A causal graph (or causal network) is an acyclic digraph arising from an evolution of a substitution system
(Wolfram 2002, pp. 486--524)
or other update system (Wolfram). The nodes of a causal graph represent updating
events and its edges represent their causal relationships (Wolfram). The graph itself
therefore represent the history of the system. The illustration above shows a causal
network corresponding to the rules 
(applied in a left-to-right scan) and
initial condition 
(Wolfram 2002, p. 498,
fig. a).
The figure above shows the procedure for diagrammatically creating a causal graph from a mobile automaton (Wolfram 2002, pp. 488-489).
In an evolution of a multiway system, each substitution event is a vertex in a causal graph. Two events which are related by causal dependence, meaning one occurs just before the other, have an edge between the corresponding vertices in the causal graph. More precisely, the edge is a directed edge leading from the past event to the future event.
Some causal graphs are independent of the choice of evolution, and these are called causally invariant.
Wolfram (2023) considers multicomputation using causal graphs. For example, the illustration above depicts the causal graph obtained
by computing the Fibonacci number 
using the standard recursive definition. While all the events
(or subevaluations) in any timelike chain must be done in sequence, spacelike-separated
events (or subevaluations) don't immediately have a particular relative order. The
whole graph can be therefore be thought of as defining a partial ordering for all
events (Wolfram 2023).
