A big Cohen-Macaulay module over a commutative Noetherian local ring
is a module
on which some system of
parameters
is a ring regular sequence (Hochster 1975).
In particular, each
acts injectively on
, and
. The module
need not be finitely generated.
If every system of parameters is a ring regular sequence on , the module is called balanced
big Cohen-Macaulay. For a nonzero finitely
generated module, these two conditions are equivalent and describe a small
Cohen-Macaulay module. For example, a Cohen-Macaulay
ring
,
considered as a module over itself, is balanced big Cohen-Macaulay.