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The conjugate gradient method is an algorithm for finding the nearest local minimum of a function of n variables which presupposes that the gradient of the function can be ...

Arithmetic is the branch of mathematics dealing with integers or, more generally, numerical computation. Arithmetical operations include addition, congruence calculation, ...

A biplanar graph is defined as a graph that is the graph union of two planar edge-induced subgraphs. In other words, biplanar graphs are graphs with graph thickness 1 or 2 ...

The Cantor diagonal method, also called the Cantor diagonal argument or Cantor's diagonal slash, is a clever technique used by Georg Cantor to show that the integers and ...

The Carlson elliptic integrals, also known as the Carlson symmetric forms, are a standard set of canonical elliptic integrals which provide a convenient alternative to ...

The curlicue fractal is a figure obtained by the following procedure. Let s be an irrational number. Begin with a line segment of unit length, which makes an angle phi_0=0 to ...

A differential-algebraic equation (DAE) is a type of differential equation in which the derivatives are not (in general) expressed explicitly, and typically derivatives of ...

According to Hardy and Wright (1979), the 44-digit Ferrier's prime determined to be prime using only a mechanical calculator, is the largest prime found before the days of ...

A method for solving an equation by approximating continuous quantities as a set of quantities at discrete points, often regularly spaced into a so-called grid or mesh. ...

Let the difference of successive primes be defined by d_n=p_(n+1)-p_n, and d_n^k by d_n^k={d_n for k=1; |d_(n+1)^(k-1)-d_n^(k-1)| for k>1. (1) N. L. Gilbreath claimed that ...