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Qualitatively, a deep theorem is a theorem whose proof is long, complicated, difficult, or appears to involve branches of mathematics which are not obviously related to the ...

The reciprocity theorem for x^8=q (mod p).

The divergence theorem, more commonly known especially in older literature as Gauss's theorem (e.g., Arfken 1985) and also known as the Gauss-Ostrogradsky theorem, is a ...

A map psi:M->M, where M is a manifold, is a finite-to-one factor of a map Psi:X->X if there exists a continuous surjective map pi:X->M such that psi degreespi=pi degreesPsi ...

Bürmann's theorem deals with the expansion of functions in powers of another function. Let phi(z) be a function of z which is analytic in a closed region S, of which a is an ...

There are so many theorems due to Fermat that the term "Fermat's theorem" is best avoided unless augmented by a description of which theorem of Fermat is under discussion. ...

The hinge theorem says that if two triangles DeltaABC and DeltaA^'B^'C^' have congruent sides AB=A^'B^' and AC=A^'C^' and ∠A>∠A^', then BC>B^'C^'.

R^n is homeomorphic to R^m iff n=m. This theorem was first proved by Brouwer.

The two-dimensional version of the ham sandwich theorem.

For an integer n>=2, let gpf(x) denote the greatest prime factor of n, i.e., the number p_k in the factorization n=p_1^(a_1)...p_k^(a_k), with p_i<p_j for i<j. For n=2, 3, ...