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The regular pentagon is the regular polygon with five sides, as illustrated above. A number of distance relationships between vertices of the regular pentagon can be derived ...

The study of angles and of the angular relationships of planar and three-dimensional figures is known as trigonometry. The trigonometric functions (also called the circular ...

The Feigenbaum constant delta is a universal constant for functions approaching chaos via period doubling. It was discovered by Feigenbaum in 1975 (Feigenbaum 1979) while ...

A Fourier series is an expansion of a periodic function f(x) in terms of an infinite sum of sines and cosines. Fourier series make use of the orthogonality relationships of ...

The Harary index of a graph G on n vertices was defined by Plavšić et al. (1993) as H(G)=1/2sum_(i=1)^nsum_(j=1)^n(RD)_(ij), (1) where (RD)_(ij)={D_(ij)^(-1) if i!=j; 0 if ...

A mathematical procedure for finding the best-fitting curve to a given set of points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the offsets ("the residuals") of the points from ...

A right triangle is triangle with an angle of 90 degrees (pi/2 radians). The sides a, b, and c of such a triangle satisfy the Pythagorean theorem a^2+b^2=c^2, (1) where the ...

The Tutte 12-cage, also called the Benson graph (Exoo and Jajcay 2008), is the unique 12-cage graph, equivalent to the generalized hexagon GH(2,2) and alternately called the ...

The utility problem posits three houses and three utility companies--say, gas, electric, and water--and asks if each utility can be connected to each house without having any ...

The Weierstrass elliptic functions (or Weierstrass P-functions, voiced "p-functions") are elliptic functions which, unlike the Jacobi elliptic functions, have a second-order ...