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Buffon's needle problem asks to find the probability that a needle of length l will land on a line, given a floor with equally spaced parallel lines a distance d apart. The ...

The arithmetic-geometric mean agm(a,b) of two numbers a and b (often also written AGM(a,b) or M(a,b)) is defined by starting with a_0=a and b_0=b, then iterating a_(n+1) = ...

A base-b BBP-type formula is a convergent series formula of the type alpha=sum_(k=0)^infty(p(k))/(b^kq(k)) (1) where p(k) and q(k) are integer polynomials in k (Bailey 2000; ...

A constant, sometimes also called a "mathematical constant," is any well-defined real number which is significantly interesting in some way. In this work, the term "constant" ...

The Costa surface is a complete minimal embedded surface of finite topology (i.e., it has no boundary and does not intersect itself). It has genus 1 with three punctures ...

The average distance between two points chosen at random inside a unit cube (the n=3 case of hypercube line picking), sometimes known as the Robbins constant, is Delta(3) = ...

In response to a letter from Goldbach, Euler considered sums of the form s_h(m,n) = sum_(k=1)^(infty)(1+1/2+...+1/k)^m(k+1)^(-n) (1) = ...

The figure eight knot, also known as the Flemish knot and savoy knot, is the unique prime knot of four crossings 04-001. It has braid word ...

The happy end problem, also called the "happy ending problem," is the problem of determining for n>=3 the smallest number of points g(n) in general position in the plane ...

The curve produced by fixed point P on the circumference of a small circle of radius b rolling around the inside of a large circle of radius a>b. A hypocycloid is therefore a ...