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Unique Prime


Following Yates (1980), a prime p such that 1/p is a repeating decimal with decimal period shared with no other prime is called a unique prime. For example, 3, 11, 37, and 101 are unique primes, since they are the only primes with periods one (1/3=0.3^_), two (1/11=0.09^_), three (1/37=0.027^_), and four (1/101=0.0099^_) respectively. On the other hand, 41 and 271 both have period five, so neither is a unique prime.

The unique primes are the primes p such that

 (Phi_n(10))/(GCD(Phi_n(10),n))=p^alpha,

where Phi_n(x) is a cyclotomic polynomial, n is the period of the unique prime, GCD(a,b) is the greatest common divisor, and alpha is a positive integer.

The first few unique primes are 3, 11, 37, 101, 9091, 9901, 333667, ... (OEIS A040017), which have periods 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 12, 9, 14, 24, ... (OEIS A051627), respectively.


See also

Cyclic Number, Decimal Expansion, Full Reptend Prime

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References

Caldwell, C. "Unique Primes." http://primes.utm.edu/glossary/page.php?sort=UniquePrime.Caldwell, C. "Unique (Period) Primes and the Factorization of Cyclotomic Polynomial Minus One." Math. Japonica 46, 189-195, 1997.Caldwell, C. and Dubner, H. "Unique Period Primes." J. Recr. Math. 29, 43-48, 1998.Delahaye, J.-P. "Merveilleux nombres premiers." Pour la Science, p. 324, 2000.Sloane, N. J. A. Sequences A040017 and A051627 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."Yates, S. "Unique Primes." Math. Mag. 53, 314, 1980.

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Unique Prime

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Unique Prime." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/UniquePrime.html

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