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The arf invariant is a link invariant that always has the value 0 or 1. A knot has Arf invariant 0 if the knot is "pass equivalent" to the unknot and 1 if it is pass ...

A simple continued fraction is a special case of a generalized continued fraction for which the partial numerators are equal to unity, i.e., a_n=1 for all n=1, 2, .... A ...

The total number of contravariant and covariant indices of a tensor. The rank R of a tensor is independent of the number of dimensions N of the underlying space. An intuitive ...

For a single variate X having a distribution P(x) with known population mean mu, the population variance var(X), commonly also written sigma^2, is defined as ...

A cyclic graph is a graph containing at least one graph cycle. A graph that is not cyclic is said to be acyclic. A cyclic graph possessing exactly one (undirected, simple) ...

Engineering notation is a version of scientific notation in which the exponent p in expressions of the form a×10^p is chosen to always be divisible by 3. Numbers of forms ...

The graph neighborhood of a vertex v in a graph is the set of all the vertices adjacent to v including v itself. More generally, the ith neighborhood of v is the set of all ...

tau is the ratio tau=omega_2/omega_1 of the two half-periods omega_1 and omega_2 of an elliptic function (Whittaker and Watson 1990, pp. 463 and 473) defined such that the ...

On a measure space X, the set of square integrable L2-functions is an L^2-space. Taken together with the L2-inner product with respect to a measure mu, <f,g>=int_Xfgdmu (1) ...

There are several conflicting meanings associated with the notation lgx. In German and Russian literature, the notation lgx is used to mean the common logarithm log_(10)x. ...