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An auxiliary latitude which gives a sphere having correct distances along the meridians. It is denoted mu (or omega) and is given by mu=(piM)/(2M_p). (1) M_p is evaluated for ...

The plane spanned by the tangent vector T and binormal vector B.

The rectilinear crossing number of a graph G is the minimum number of crossings in a straight line embedding of G in a plane. It is variously denoted rcr(G), cr^_(G) ...

A recurrence equation (also called a difference equation) is the discrete analog of a differential equation. A difference equation involves an integer function f(n) in a form ...

A recurrence plot is defined as a plot of the quantity R(t,tau)=H(epsilon-||f(t)-f(tau)||), where H(x) is the Heaviside step function and ||f|| denotes a norm. A recurrence ...

A mathematical relationship expressing f_n as some combination of f_i with i<n. When formulated as an equation to be solved, recurrence relations are known as recurrence ...

Let a sequence be defined by A_(-1) = s (1) A_0 = 3 (2) A_1 = r (3) A_n = rA_(n-1)-sA_(n-2)+A_(n-3). (4) Also define the associated polynomial f(x)=x^3-rx^2+sx+1, (5) and let ...

To define a recurring digital invariant of order k, compute the sum of the kth powers of the digits of a number n. If this number n^' is equal to the original number n, then ...

A recursive process is one in which objects are defined in terms of other objects of the same type. Using some sort of recurrence relation, the entire class of objects can ...

The term "recursive function" is often used informally to describe any function that is defined with recursion. There are several formal counterparts to this informal ...