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A very useful active feedback method for controlling things like temperature control systems, servo motors, and flow control valves.

If a is (directly) proportional to b, then a/b is a constant. The relationship is written a proportional b, which implies a=cb, for some constant c known as the constant of ...

Proportionally cutting circles are circles that intersect the sidelines of a reference triangle DeltaABC such that length of the chords that are cut off have lengths mua, ...

A proposition is a mathematical statement such as "3 is greater than 4," "an infinite set exists," or "7 is prime." An axiom is a proposition that is assumed to be true. With ...

Propositional calculus is the formal basis of logic dealing with the notion and usage of words such as "NOT," "OR," "AND," and "implies." Many systems of propositional ...

The Prosthaphaeresis formulas, also known as Simpson's formulas, are trigonometry formulas that convert a product of functions into a sum or difference. They are given by ...

A Proth number is a number of the form N=k·2^n+1 for odd k, n a positive integer, and 2^n>k. The 2^n>k condition is needed since otherwise, every odd number >1 would be a ...

A Proth number that is prime, i.e., a number of the form N=k·2^n+1 for odd k, n a positive integer, and 2^n>k. Factors of Fermat numbers are of this form as long as they ...

For N=k·2^n+1 with k odd and 2^n>k, if there exists an integer a such that a^((N-1)/2)=-1 (mod N), then N is prime. A prime of this form is known as a Proth prime.

A ruled semicircle used for measuring and drawing angles.