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Let p be an odd prime, k be an integer such that pk and 1<=k<=2(p+1), and N=2kp+1. Then the following are equivalent 1. N is prime. 2. There exists an a such that ...

Let n-1=FR where F is the factored part of a number F=p_1^(a_1)...p_r^(a_r), (1) where (R,F)=1, and R<sqrt(n). Pocklington's theorem, also known as the Pocklington-Lehmer ...

The first and second Pöschl-Teller differential equations are given by y^('')-{a^2[(kappa(kappa-1))/(sin^2(ax))+(lambda(lambda-1))/(cos^2(ax))]-b^2}y=0 and ...

The illusion that the two ends of a straight line segment passing behind an obscuring rectangle are offset when, in fact, they are aligned. The Poggendorff illusion was ...

Pogson's ratio is the constant 100^(1/5)=10^(2/5)=2.511886431... (OEIS A189824) appearing in the definition of the astronomical magnitude (brightness) scale. This scale is ...

The principal theorem of axonometry, first published without proof by Pohlke in 1860. It states that three segments of arbitrary length a^'x^', a^'y^', and a^'z^' which are ...

The system of partial differential equations u_(xx)-u_(yy)+/-sinucosu+(cosu)/(sin^3u)(v_x^2-v_y^2)=0 (v_xcot^2u)_x=(v_ycot^2u)_y.

For s_1,s_2=+/-1, lim_(epsilon_1->0; epsilon_2->0)1/(x_1-is_1epsilon_1)1/(x_2-is_2epsilon_2) =[PV(1/(x_1))+ipis_1delta(x_1)][PV(1/(x_2))+ipis_2delta(x_2)] ...

Every Lie algebra L is isomorphic to a subalgebra of some Lie algebra A^-, where the associative algebra A may be taken to be the linear operators over a vector space V.

For the rational curve of an unperturbed system with rotation number r/s under a map T (for which every point is a fixed point of T^s), only an even number of fixed points ...