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By way of analogy with the prime counting function pi(x), the notation pi_(a,b)(x) denotes the number of primes of the form ak+b less than or equal to x (Shanks 1993, pp. ...

A set M of all polynomials in s variables, x_1, ..., x_s such that if P, P_1, and P_2 are members, then so are P_1+P_2 and QP, where Q is any polynomial in x_1, ..., x_s.

A basis of a modular system M is any set of polynomials B_1, B_2, ... of M such that every polynomial of M is expressible in the form R_1B_1+R_2B_2+..., where R_1, R_2, ... ...

The important property of Fourier transforms that F_x[cos(2pik_0x)f(x)](k) can be expressed in terms of F[f(x)]=F(k) as follows, ...

A module is a mathematical object in which things can be added together commutatively by multiplying coefficients and in which most of the rules of manipulating vectors hold. ...

The direct sum of modules A and B is the module A direct sum B={a direct sum b|a in A,b in B}, (1) where all algebraic operations are defined componentwise. In particular, ...

Let a module M in an integral domain D_1 for R(sqrt(D)) be expressed using a two-element basis as M=[xi_1,xi_2], where xi_1 and xi_2 are in D_1. Then the different of the ...

A module homomorphism is a map f:M->N between modules over a ring R which preserves both the addition and the multiplication by scalars. In symbols this means that ...

The kernel of a module homomorphism f:M-->N is the set of all elements of M which are mapped to zero. It is the kernel of f as a homomorphism of additive groups, and is a ...

The length of all composition series of a module M. According to the Jordan-Hölder theorem for modules, if M has any composition series, then all such series are equivalent. ...