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A multiway system that generates causal networks which are all isomorphic as acyclic digraphs is said to exhibit causal invariance, and the causal network itself is also said ...

A causal network is an acyclic digraph arising from an evolution of a substitution system, and representing its history. The illustration above shows a causal network ...

The curve which is the envelope of reflected (catacaustic) or refracted (diacaustic) rays of a given curve for a light source at a given point (known as the radiant point).

If, in two solids of equal altitude, the sections made by planes parallel to and at the same distance from their respective bases are always equal, then the volumes of the ...

The definite integral int_a^bx^ndx={(b^(n+1)-a^(n+1))/(n+1) for n!=1; ln(b/a) for n=-1, (1) where a, b, and x are real numbers and lnx is the natural logarithm.

The (connected) caveman graph is a graph arising in social network theory formed by modifying a set of isolated k-cliques (or "caves") by removing one edge from each clique ...

Let X_1,X_2 subset P^2 be cubic plane curves meeting in nine points p_1, ..., p_9. If X subset P^2 is any cubic containing p_1, ..., p_8, then X contains p_9 as well. It is ...

Given A = |a_(11)-x a_(12) ... a_(1m); a_(21) a_(22)-x ... a_(2m); | | ... |; a_(m1) a_(m2) ... a_(mm)-x| (1) = x^m+c_(m-1)x^(m-1)+...+c_0, (2) then ...

The metric of Felix Klein's model for hyperbolic geometry, g_(11) = (a^2(1-x_2^2))/((1-x_1^2-x_2^2)^2) (1) g_(12) = (a^2x_1x_2)/((1-x_1^2-x_2^2)^2) (2) g_(22) = ...

The parameters alpha, beta, gamma, and delta which, like the three Euler angles, provide a way to uniquely characterize the orientation of a solid body. These parameters ...