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The p-layer of H, L_(p^')(H) is the unique minimal normal subgroup of H which maps onto E(H/O_(p^')(H)).

X is a p^'-group if p does not divide the group order of X.

A shorthand name for a series with the variable k taken to a negative exponent, e.g., sum_(k=1)^(infty)k^(-p), where p>1. p-series are given in closed form by the Riemann ...

Diagonalize a form over the rationals to diag[p^a·A,p^b·B,...], where all the entries are integers and A, B, ... are relatively prime to p. Then the p-signature of the form ...

A p-system of a set S is a sequence of subsets A_1, A_2, ..., A_p of S, among which some may be empty or coinciding with each other.

A p-adic integer is a p-adic number of the form sum_(k=m)^(infty)a_kp^k, where m>=0, a_k are integers, and p is prime. It is sufficient to take a_k in the set {0,1,...,p-1}. ...

Any nonzero rational number x can be represented by x=(p^ar)/s, (1) where p is a prime number, r and s are integers not divisible by p, and a is a unique integer. The p-adic ...

A p-adic number is an extension of the field of rationals such that congruences modulo powers of a fixed prime p are related to proximity in the so called "p-adic metric." ...

sum_(y=0)^m(-1)^(m-y)q^((m-y; 2))[m; y]_q(1-wq^m)/(q-wq^y) ×(1-wq^y)^m(-(1-z)/(1-wq^y);q)_y=(1-z)^mq^((m; 2)), where [n; y]_q is a q-binomial coefficient.

A q-analog, also called a q-extension or q-generalization, is a mathematical expression parameterized by a quantity q that generalizes a known expression and reduces to the ...