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A map projection given by the following transformation, x = lambda-lambda_0 (1) y = 5/4ln[tan(1/4pi+2/5phi)] (2) = 5/4sinh^(-1)[tan(4/5phi)]. (3) Here, x and y are the plane ...

Two totally ordered sets (A,<=) and (B,<=) are order isomorphic iff there is a bijection f from A to B such that for all a_1,a_2 in A, a_1<=a_2 iff f(a_1)<=f(a_2) (Ciesielski ...

Let (A,<=) and (B,<=) be disjoint totally ordered sets with order types alpha and beta. Then the ordinal sum is defined at set (C=A union B,<=) where, if c_1 and c_2 are both ...

Let (A,<=) and (B,<=) be totally ordered sets. Let C=A×B be the Cartesian product and define order as follows. For any a_1,a_2 in A and b_1,b_2 in B, 1. If a_1<a_2, then ...

The orthographic projection is a projection from infinity that preserves neither area nor angle. It is given by x = cosphisin(lambda-lambda_0) (1) y = ...

An auxiliary latitude also called the reduced latitude and denoted eta or theta. It gives the latitude on a sphere of radius a for which the parallel has the same radius as ...

A class of map projections in which the parallels are represented by a system of non-concentric circular arcs with centers lying on the straight line representing the central ...

An auxiliary latitude which gives a sphere having correct distances along the meridians. It is denoted mu (or omega) and is given by mu=(piM)/(2M_p). (1) M_p is evaluated for ...

When computing the sample variance s numerically, the mean must be computed before s^2 can be determined. This requires storing the set of sample values. However, it is ...

The vertical perspective projection is a map projection that corresponds to the appearance of a globe when directly viewed from some distance away with the z-axis of the ...