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A prime factorization algorithm which uses residues produced in the continued fraction of sqrt(mN) for some suitably chosen m to obtain a square number. The algorithm solves ...

A general mathematical property obeyed by mathematical objects in which all elements are within a neighborhood of nearby points. The continuous maps between topological ...

A statistical distribution for which the variables may take on a continuous range of values. Abramowitz and Stegun (1972, p. 930) give a table of the parameters of most ...

A path in the complex plane over which contour integration is performed to compute a contour integral. When choosing a contour to evaluate an integral on the real line, a ...

The winding number of a contour gamma about a point z_0, denoted n(gamma,z_0), is defined by n(gamma,z_0)=1/(2pii)∮_gamma(dz)/(z-z_0) and gives the number of times gamma ...

A Banach algebra A is called contractible if H^1(A,X)=Z^1(A,X)/B^1(A,X)=0 for all Banach A-bimodules X (Helemskii 1989, 1997). A C^*-algebra is contractible if and only if it ...

The contrapedal curve, also called a normal pedal curve, is defined analogously to a usual pedal curve with "tangent" replaced by "normal." In particular, the contrapedal ...

The convective derivative is a derivative taken with respect to a moving coordinate system. It is also called the advective derivative, derivative following the motion, ...

A test to determine if a given series converges or diverges.

A sequence is said to be convergent if it approaches some limit (D'Angelo and West 2000, p. 259). Formally, a sequence S_n converges to the limit S lim_(n->infty)S_n=S if, ...