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A semigroup S is said to be an inverse semigroup if, for every a in S, there is a unique b (called the inverse of a) such that a=aba and b=bab. This is equivalent to the ...

The Ishango bone is the oldest known object containing logical carvings. It was discovered in the Congo, and has been dated to be 22000 years old. The middle column of marks ...

The term "isomorphic" means "having the same form" and is used in many branches of mathematics to identify mathematical objects which have the same structural properties. ...

Let S be a mathematical statement, then the Iverson bracket is defined by [S]={0 if S is false; 1 if S is true, (1) and corresponds to the so-called characteristic function. ...

(1) or (2) The solutions are Jacobi polynomials P_n^((alpha,beta))(x) or, in terms of hypergeometric functions, as y(x)=C_1_2F_1(-n,n+1+alpha+beta,1+alpha,1/2(x-1)) ...

Suppose x_1<x_2<...<x_n are given positive numbers. Let lambda_1, ..., lambda_n>=0 and sum_(j=1)^(n)lambda_j=1. Then ...

A curve also known as Gutschoven's curve which was first studied by G. van Gutschoven around 1662 (MacTutor Archive). It was also studied by Newton and, some years later, by ...

A Kapteyn series is a series of the form sum_(n=0)^inftyalpha_nJ_(nu+n)[(nu+n)z], (1) where J_n(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind. Examples include Kapteyn's original ...

The symbol ker has at least two different meanings in mathematics. It can refer to a special function related to Bessel functions, or (written either with a capital or ...

A planar convex quadrilateral consisting of two adjacent sides of length a and the other two sides of length b. The rhombus is a special case of the kite, and the lozenge is ...