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If A is true precisely unless B, then B implies not-A and not-B implies A. J. H. Conway has suggested the term "unlesss" for this state of affairs, by analogy with iff.

The number of digits used to perform a given computation. The concepts of accuracy and precision are both closely related and often confused. While the accuracy of a number x ...

The positive predictive value is the probability that a test gives a true result for a true statistic. The negative predictive value is the probability that a test gives a ...

Let S be a collection of subsets of a set X and let mu:S->[0,infty] be a set function. The function mu is called a premeasure provided that mu is finitely additive, countably ...

A knot obtained from a tangle which can be represented by a finite sequence of integers.

Each prime factor p_i^(alpha_i) in an integer's prime factorization is called a primary.

A primary ideal is an ideal I such that if ab in I, then either a in I or b^m in I for some m>0. Prime ideals are always primary. A primary decomposition expresses any ideal ...

Let pi be a unitary representation of a group G on a separable Hilbert space, and let R(pi) be the smallest weakly closed algebra of bounded linear operators containing all ...

An irreducible algebraic integer which has the property that, if it divides the product of two algebraic integers, then it divides at least one of the factors. 1 and -1 are ...

Find two numbers such that x^2=y^2 (mod n). If you know the greatest common divisor of n and x-y, there exists a high probability of determining a prime factor. Taking small ...