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The use of the principle of mathematical induction in a proof. Induction used in mathematics is often called mathematical induction.

Greater than any assignable quantity of the sort in question. In mathematics, the concept of the infinite is made more precise through the notion of an infinite set.

A relation between permutations p and q that exists if there is a sequence of transpositions such that each transposition increases the number of inversions (Stanton and ...

The number of elements greater than i to the left of i in a permutation gives the ith element of the inversion vector (Skiena 1990, p. 27).

The illusion shown above which was discovered by Helmholtz in the 19th century. Despite the fact that the two above figures are identical in size, the white hole looks bigger ...

Isomorphism is a very general concept that appears in several areas of mathematics. The word derives from the Greek iso, meaning "equal," and morphosis, meaning "to form" or ...

The maximum flow between vertices v_i and v_j in a graph G is exactly the weight of the smallest set of edges to disconnect G with v_i and v_j in different components (Ford ...

Model completion is a term employed when existential closure is successful. The formation of the complex numbers, and the move from affine to projective geometry, are ...

Monster-barring is a term coined by Lakatos (1976) to refer to the refining of a hypothesis to rule out nasty counterexamples (Bailey et al. 2007, p. 11).

A set-like object in which order is ignored, but multiplicity is explicitly significant. Therefore, multisets {1,2,3} and {2,1,3} are equivalent, but {1,1,2,3} and {1,2,3} ...