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The illusion illustrated above in which the bounding rectangle and inner square both appear distorted.

A tree is planted at each lattice point in a circular orchard which has center at the origin and radius r. If the radius of trees exceeds 1/r units, one is unable to see out ...

The number of nondecreasing lists {a_1,a_2,...,a_n} consisting of n elements 1<=a_i<=k is given by the binomial coefficient N(n,k)=(n+k-1; n-1). For example, there are six ...

A pair of quantities (a, b) where ordering is significant, so (a, b) is considered distinct from (b, a) for a!=b.

An ambiguous term which is sometimes used to mean a partially ordered set and sometimes to mean a totally ordered set.

A rooted tree in which the order of the subtrees is significant. There is a one-to-one correspondence between ordered forests with n nodes and binary trees with n nodes.

The number of "arrangements" in an ordering of n items is given by either a combination (order is ignored) or a permutation (order is significant). An ordering (or order) is ...

The y- (vertical) coordinate of a point in a two dimensional coordinate system. Physicists and astronomers sometimes use the term to refer to the axis itself instead of the ...

An important result in ergodic theory. It states that any two "Bernoulli schemes" with the same measure-theoretic entropy are measure-theoretically isomorphic.

An orthogonal array OA(k,s) is a k×s^2 array with entries taken from an s-set S having the property that in any two rows, each ordered pair of symbols from S occurs exactly ...