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Pairs of points of a line, the product of whose distances from a fixed point is a given constant. This is more concisely defined as a projectivity of period two. If ...

Let R be a commutative ring. A tensor category (C, tensor ,I,a,r,l) is said to be a tensor R-category if C is an R-category and if the tensor product functor is an R-bilinear ...

If T is a linear transformation of R^n, then the null space Null(T), also called the kernel Ker(T), is the set of all vectors X such that T(X)=0, i.e., Null(T)={X:T(X)=0}. ...

The tangent plane to a surface at a point p is the tangent space at p (after translating to the origin). The elements of the tangent space are called tangent vectors, and ...

Differential entropy differs from normal or absolute entropy in that the random variable need not be discrete. Given a continuous random variable X with a probability density ...

A generalized eigenvector for an n×n matrix A is a vector v for which (A-lambdaI)^kv=0 for some positive integer k in Z^+. Here, I denotes the n×n identity matrix. The ...

An orientation on an n-dimensional manifold is given by a nowhere vanishing differential n-form. Alternatively, it is an bundle orientation for the tangent bundle. If an ...

A hypersphere S^n is parallelizable if there are n vector fields that are linearly independent at each point. There exist only three parallelizable spheres: S^1, S^3, and S^7 ...

A Pólya plot is a plot of the vector field of (R[f(z)],-I[f(z)]) of a complex function f(z). Several examples are shown above. Pólya plots can be created in the Wolfram ...

The vector space generated by the rows of a matrix viewed as vectors. The row space of a n×m matrix A with real entries is a subspace generated by n elements of R^m, hence ...