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The positive predictive value is the probability that a test gives a true result for a true statistic. The negative predictive value is the probability that a test gives a ...

Given f:X->Y, the image of x is f(x). The preimage of y is then f^(-1)(y)={x|f(x)=y}, or all x whose image is y. Images are elements of the range, while preimages are subsets ...

Let S be a collection of subsets of a set X and let mu:S->[0,infty] be a set function. The function mu is called a premeasure provided that mu is finitely additive, countably ...

A premise is a statement that is assumed to be true. Formal logic uses a set of premises and syllogisms to arrive at a conclusion.

A relation "<=" is called a preorder (or quasiorder) on a set S if it satisfies: 1. Reflexivity: a<=a for all a in S. 2. Transitivity: a<=b and b<=c implies a<=c. A preorder ...

A knot obtained from a tangle which can be represented by a finite sequence of integers.

A primary ideal is an ideal I such that if ab in I, then either a in I or b^m in I for some m>0. Prime ideals are always primary. A primary decomposition expresses any ideal ...

An Abelian planar difference set of order n exists only for n a prime power. Gordon (1994) has verified it to be true for n<2000000.

A ring for which the product of any pair of ideals is zero only if one of the two ideals is zero. All simple rings are prime.

The prime subfield of a field F is the subfield of F generated by the multiplicative identity 1_F of F. It is isomorphic to either Q (if the field characteristic is 0), or ...